Procedure Note

Procedure Note – “Never doubt that small-minded, committed citizens can change the world. It really is the only thing.” Margaret Mead

Cite this article: Bhatti DS, Ahmad R, Asad A (5 May 2020) Royal College of Surgeons Guideline on improving operative notes: A six-month follow-up audit. 12(5):e7970. doi:10.7759/.7970

Procedure Note

Procedure Note

Each surgical procedure is accompanied by detailed and descriptive documentation. In 2014, the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) launched official guidelines on the correct documentation of operative notes. These guidelines are concise, to the point and easily adaptable to any surgical specialty.

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The audit was conducted from April to September 2019 at the District General Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. We analyzed 215 operative notes from elective and emergency cases during the first three months, and after comparing the notes with the RCS orthopedic notes guidelines, we developed a specific note format for use in the second trimester (postoperative). The panel reviewed 235 notes for post-implementation and compliance with the 2014 RCS guideline data.

Operational diagnosis is recorded in up to 80% of records and up to 100% of records. Before the implementation of the RCS guidelines, 78% of the operating notes included the names of anesthesia and operating personnel, 88% the names of assistants, and 90% the names of the operating surgeon. After work, these numbers increased to 92%, 93% and 99% respectively. All domains of the guideline were completed, and data point inclusion improved statistically significantly (0.001 < P < 0.005) after following RCS guidelines.

Operative records are essential in all surgical specialties. They convey the details of the operation, cannot be encrypted, and they play an important role in investigation, audit, medico-legal significance and overall functioning of the surgical department. Unfortunately, these records are often neglected and not given the necessary attention, time and skills. This, in turn, is true of most medical lawsuits. This trend has increased over the past two decades and is unfortunately increasing at an alarming rate [1]. To improve the quality of operative notes, the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) introduced official guidelines in 2014 [2]. These guidelines are concise, to the point and easily adaptable to any surgical specialty. It is considered the gold standard for operative notes and a reference for good medical practice, and its implementation has been shown to dramatically increase the overall effectiveness of operative notes [3].

Most hospitals in Pakistan have developed a format for operative notes for operating rooms. Although they are quite different, they fall short in many areas compared to the RCS guidelines. Our study aims to identify gaps and shortcomings in the format of surgical notes in a tertiary care hospital, as well as to create a new format for surgical notes, put it into practice and complete the review cycle. The district headquarters is the main referral unit for orthopedic cases, elective and emergency. Unfortunately, no such audit was found in the region. A simple template format has been created; however, few studies have developed a computer-generated form [4].

Case 14: Medical Outcome

The audit was conducted over a six-month period from April to September 2019 at the district headquarters, a tertiary care hospital located in the heart of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The hospital has elective and emergency centers and a well-equipped orthopedic department with a separate operating department.

The first three months were devoted to the analysis of operational records of elective and emergency situations. The notes were thoroughly reviewed in all parameters and compared with the RCS orthopedic notes guidelines, and a specific orthopedic surgery note format was developed. The new format (Figure 1) was implemented in July 2019.

Orthopedic department staff and doctors of all classes were informed about the use of the newly developed operation notes format. These guidelines were implemented through poster presentations, short video presentations and announcements (Figure 2).

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Data was collected from July to September 2019. A panel was assembled to verify the accuracy of the notes, including two operating room staff, a consultant and two graduate students. Further analysis based on RCS guideline data on Good Surgical Practice (2014) was performed using Microsoft Excel [2]. Chi-square test was used to measure association between variables.

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A total of 500 operative records were compared; 215 cases were studied before the RCS guidelines were implemented, and 235 were studied after the RCS guidelines were implemented. Before implementation of the RCS guidelines, 72% of operative notes consisted of peri-operative findings (included in operative diagnosis or subheading), while after implementation of the RCS guidelines, 96% of operative notes were peri- was operative. findings. Operative interventions were recorded in all operative records and after implementation of RCS guidelines. 80% of operative diagnoses were recorded in operative notes, prior to implementation of RCS guidelines. while 100% of operative records included postoperative diagnosis. Before the implementation of the RCS guidelines, 78% of the operating notes included the names of anesthesia and operating personnel, 88% the names of assistants and 90% the names of the operating surgeon; and after the guidelines were implemented, these numbers increased to 92%, 93%, and 99%, respectively. Before implementation of the RCS guidelines, only 6% of surgery records mentioned the type of surgery (ie, emergency/elective), 88% mentioned the day of surgery, and 62% mentioned the time of surgery. meanwhile, after the implementation of the guidelines, 100% of surgery records recorded the type, date and time of surgery (Figure 3).

Before the implementation of the RCS guidelines, 10% of the operative notes noted complications, compared with 94%. Pre-implementation of guidelines, 7% of surgery notes mentioned an additional procedure, and 2% mentioned if tissue was removed or changed during surgery; However, 85% mentioned any additional procedure after implementation, and 70% said tissue was removed or changed. Before implementation, 70% of the operative notes mentioned the use of prosthesis, and 12% included details of closure techniques; and after implementation, 98% mentioned the use of prosthesis and 93% mentioned the details of the closure technique. After implementation of the RCS guidelines, 90% of operative records included details about whether deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis was given to patients; and pre-implementation, there was no mention of DVT prevention. At the same time, there was no mention of time in the operational records before the implementation of the RCS guidelines. After implementation, 100% operational notes found time in it. Before RCS guidelines were implemented, 80% of operative records included post-operative detailed orders and 90% included signatures; however, after implementation, 100% post-transaction orders and 95% signatures were included (Table 1). Accepting the null hypothesis, the P value was found to be 0.001 < P < 0.005, which is statistically significant in improving data point inclusion between pre- and post-audit groups.

The note is part of medicine [5]. Well-written notes are important in patient care because they are direct care. The only record of what happened during the operation is the operation notes [6]. Documentation is important in surgery because conditions can change every second. [5]. Handwritten transaction notes can seem difficult; but in reality essay writing requires dedication and is hard work. Postoperative notes are necessary for postoperative review. These notes are also provided for audit, investigation and medico-legal purposes [5].

In this study, 500 operative records were studied before and after implementation of RCS guidelines. Operating records have improved manifold after following RCS guidelines. Every little detail of the operation was documented as there was a separate column for each (two of the RCS guidelines). Some rubrics have been observed to improve scores when combined into operational records. Our observations are similar to those of Abbas et al. were consistent with their observations, and some proformas were used for laparoscopically performed appendectomy [7]. This showed a significant improvidence in the notes.

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Before implementation of RCS guidelines, 72% of operative notes included operative findings and 80% included operative diagnoses, which improved after implementation of RCS guidelines. This study by Swed et al. consistent with their study, they described in their study that proforma operative notes were useful for accurate documentation and that post-surgical orders in patient files reduced confusion among healthcare professionals in post-operative management. ]. Our audit improved the order after the transaction by 100%.

Documentation plays a key role in legal procedures in practical medicine [9]. There is an increasing tendency for doctors to be forced to practice defensive medicine [10]. Easy to understand and detailed notes are essential for inpatient care and can reduce the need for healthcare professionals to communicate necessary information about a given treatment. This detailed documentation helps hospitals work more efficiently because time and resources are not wasted searching for information about patient care.

A limitation of our audit was the lack of computerized notes, although illegality was not included in our audit. Studies have shown that computer-generated notes are less easy to read than handwritten notes [11]. However, computerized notes require more resources, such as a modern computer with the necessary software. Despite these factors, Coughlan et al. showed that computer-generated notes were better than handwritten notes [12]. Handwritten notes also took more time when formatted according to RCS guidelines, as more information had to be recorded. Despite these limitations, operational excellence

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